HPY 16(1) Tranoy
نویسندگان
چکیده
Einar Kringlen (2004), in his presentation of ‘A history of Norwegian psychiatry’, totally neglects the role of Norway ́s leading post-war psychiatrist in the development of lobotomy/psychosurgery. Ørnulv Ødegård was the director of Norway’s main mental hospital, Gaustad in Oslo, for 34 years from 1938 to 1972. Although 12 of his publications are included in Kringlen’s reference list, none of them indicates his leading role in the development of this special field of psychiatric treatment. Such an omission creates a rather sanitized version of the sad realities of Norwegian lobotomy. What were these realities? Annual reports from mental hospitals in Norway and Sweden and data received from hospital neurosurgical departments in Denmark reveal that Gaustad performed lobotomies earlier and in greater numbers than any other institution in Scandinavia: Gaustad 482 and Lier (also Norway) 373, compared with Sidsjøen (Sweden), Viborg and Sct. Hans (both Denmark) which performed almost 450 each (Tranøy, 1990, 1992, 1996). The development of lobotomy was sustained for twenty years by the efforts of Lobotomy in Norwegian psychiatry
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